Success of Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

Achievement of Reconstruction Essay Reproduction was the timeframe following the Civil War, which endured from 1865 to 1877, in which the United States started to revamp. The term can likewise allude to the procedure the central government used to readmit the vanquished Confederate states to the Union. While all parts of Reconstruction were not effective, the primary objective of the timespan was done, making Reconstruction over all fruitful. During this time, the Confederate states were readmitted to the Union, the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth changes were endorsed, and African Americans were liberated from servitude and ready to begin new lives. One of the main objectives of Reconstruction was to readmit the Confederate states into the Union, and during the discussion in Congress over how to readmit the states, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were endorsed. We will compose a custom article on Success of Reconstruction explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The United States had three distinct presidents somewhere in the range of 1865 and 1877, who all had various conclusions with regards to how the activities of readmitting the states ought to be done. President Lincoln conceived the Ten Percent Plan with an end goal to get the Confederate states to rejoin the Union. In Lincolns plan, all Confederates, other than high-positioning authorities, would be exculpated on the off chance that they would swear devotion to the Union and guarantee to comply with its laws. When 10% of the individuals on the 1860 democratic records made the vow of faithfulness, the state would be allowed to shape a state government, and would be readmitted to the Union. A significant number of the Republicans in Congress were rankled by this arrangement, since they accepted that it was excessively indulgent. After President Lincoln was killed, Andrew Johnson expected the administration with another arrangement, which got known as Presidential Reconstruction. In Johnsons plan, the entirety of the Confederate states would be readmitted to the association if each state would pronounce its severance illicit, swear devotion to the Union, and confirm the Thirteenth Amendment, which annulled servitude. To the Radical Republicans, Johnsons plan appeared to be no better than Lincolns since it neglected to address the requirements of previous slaves in three noticeable regions: land, casting a ballot rights, and security under the law. Confederates states, nonetheless, promptly dedicated to the conditions set forth in the Presidential Reconstruction plan, and were readmitted to the Union. A couple of years after the fact, the Reconstruction Act of 1867 was passed, which didn't perceive the administrations framed under Lincoln and Johnsons plans. Through the Reconstruction Act, Tennessee was the main previous Confederate State perceived as having been readmitted to the Union since it had sanctioned the Fourteenth Amendment. All together for the rem ainder of the previous Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union through the Reconstruction Act, each state needed to approve the Fourteenth Amendment, moreover. The Republicans presented the Fifteenth Amendment after the appointment of 1868 in light of the fact that they expected that Pro-Confederate Southern whites may attempt as far as possible on dark testimonial. So as to forestall this, the Fifteenth Amendment expresses that nobody can be shielded from casting a ballot due to race, shading, or past state of subjugation. Through the various plans that were proposed by the three distinct Presidents in office during the Reconstruction time frame, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed, which were incredible triumphs of the Reconstruction time frame. Recreation was additionally effective in assisting with improving the lives of previous slaves. After the Civil War, African Americans were permitted to settle on regular choices and assume responsibility for their lives. While in subjugation, slaves were not permitted to go without consent, go to class, wed lawfully, or live and fill in as they picked. .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .postImageUrl , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:hover , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:visited , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:active { border:0!important; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:active , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb8 3a7786ce741390 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Alexander The Great Essay When slaves were first liberated, they confronted the choice of whether to remain where they were or not. Most of African Americans exploited their opportunity, however their explanations behind moving were not just on the grounds that they were trying their opportunity. Numerous previous slaves were anxious to leave the ranches since they connected them with the mistreatment of the slave framework. Previous slaves likewise chose to travel in view of their craving to find relatives. Numerous African American families had been part separated as a result of subjection life partners lived on various ranches, an d youngsters were isolated from their folks. The Freedmans Bureau attempted to rejoin families, and African Americans printed .

Consumer in Hospitality Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shopper in Hospitality - Case Study Example Sociological factors, for example, loved ones impacts. The physical condition, for example, it's area, setting and various exercises advertised. The promoting systems will incorporate the brand picture, devotion, visuals, notice (http://www.fourseasons.com/about_us/awards_and_accolades.html) Four Seasons was established by Isadore Issy Sharp. In the wake of moving on from Toronto's Ryerson's Polytechnical establishment with high evaluations in design, he joined his dad in selling restored houses at a benefit. Be that as it may, it was his fantasy to construct his very own inn. For 5years, he attempted to discover banks and financial specialists to back in his venture. In the spring of 1961, Sharp's 126-room Inn was opened. Regardless of the inn's poor area in Toronto's seedy area of town, the inn figured out how to pull in numerous well off clients. His subsequent endeavor, Toronto's Inn opened in 1963. The genuine acclaim joined the Four Seasons Hotel at Hyde Park in London. Regardless of having normal than-higher room rates, it held 95% inhabitance. Four Seasons presently has 70 lodgings in 31 nations, and in excess of 25 properties being worked on. Deals for the Toronto-based lavish lodging network were $57.6 million this year. My involvement in this inn occurred in February, 2006. I headed out to this lodging with business associates. I suggest this lodging for: business voyagers, couples and sentimental people, honeymooners, families with youngsters, enormous gatherings, seniors, travelers. My involvement in this inn occurred in March, 2006. My significant other and I as of late went through an end of the week at the Four Seasons in Philadelphia. Having recently remained at The Rittenhouse (couldn't get a booking there) we anticipated a comparable degree of value and sevice. It was not the situation. We were sympathetically moved up to a suite which was pleasant however not awesome. We ate in The Fountain Restaurant which was excellent yet amazingly costly. The room administration menu is restricted and furthermore very costly (I remain in alot of top notch inns and the costs here are high). Exploited their spa twice and it was fine albeit nothing excessively unique. By and large, it is a pleasant lodging yet not the quality you would expect for a 4-Seasons.I wouldn't remain there once more, there are a great deal of brilliant choices in Philadelphia. My involvement in this lodging occurred in March 2006. The one thing that stood out I would say there was the agreeableness and mindfulness of ALL staff. From the front work area individual coming out from behind the work area to give us where the lift and eateries were to the housekeeping staff giving us a major grin and hello to the staff on the telephone inquiring as to whether there was whatever else they could accomplish for you when we had an inquiry, it was choice!! Great job Four Seasons. Since the 1960s Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts have not just tested the customary extravagance picture and built up itself among the top yet has likewise demonstrated to expand its own limits, coming full circle in the re-opening of the leader George V inn in Paris in 1999, which offers visitors a mix of old world extravagance and present day comforts. In spite of being totally different from the principal inn opened in Toronto in 1961, its situation as a lavish inn similar to the equivalent in areas, for example,

Personal Organizational Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Individual Organizational Development - Assignment Example As the report pronounces in the wake of moving on from the Business with International Management program at the Newcastle Business School in Northumbria University, the arrangement is to come back to Kuwait and apply the hypothetical structures of the course to business and the executives working capacities at KPC. It is insisted that the course has empowered the advancement of the most fitting abilities set which would set me up for work positions at KPC where center skill and upper hands would be radiated, when contrasted with different alumni from comparative fields of try. This paper focuses on that the profit possibilities for graduates with a degree in Business with International Management go from  £72,105 for global fund the board graduates to  £76,054 for worldwide advertising the board graduates. In a progressively moderate site, the middle compensation for moves on from the program and who fill in as the board experts get  £52,479, while regulatory assistance administrators get  £54,082. In Kuwait, the acquiring possibilities for moves on from the program are really more prominent because of the nonattendance of individual annual duties. In this way, the range distinguishable profit for alumni of the program would be KWD 13,918 to KWD 42,539. In that capacity, the acquiring possibilities are moderately high and worthwhile which makes the field of study alluring to be sought after. Graduates from the program would in all probability meet expanding rivalry from understudies who graduate in comparative fields of control.

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Require an outline research? Let BookwormLab.com handle it for you! Require an outline research? Let BookwormLab.com handle it for you! Preparation for a thesis is very interesting but at the same time tedious. You have to do research on various topics on a large scale to get the necessary information. Before you write your thesis you should create an outline for research paper, which will help you with carrying on your research successfully. Before you create your research outline, it would be better if you go through the research paper outline examples in the web. Outline For Research Paper You can also find it in the web under the name sample outline for research paper. Some of the research paper outline examples are exemplary and they give you an idea of the thesis by just looking at the research outline. While I did my thesis paper I prepared a research project outline. My research outline was appreciated by everybody and it is used as sample outline for research. Some of the research paper outline examples are not worth looking at. They simply add too much information on the main topics resulting in a very lengthy outline in research paper. You have to do extensive study of a subject to do research on that subject. So is the case of a persuasive outline. You should draft and re draft an outline for research paper several times before you get a final research outline. You should go through several example of research outline so that you can get different ideas of capturing a reader’s attention. Regardless of the subject, a research outline should contain an introduction explaining the thesis as briefly as possible, Body which divides the topics into various sub divisions, evidences and reasons supporting them and an equally convincing conclusion. In the case of an Argumentative Research outline, you should collect points to argue and contradict, give a brief description of them in the Research outline, so the reader can assess the credibility of the arguments. So before you start preparing your thesis, prepare your research outline to the minutest detail with care that your thesis is clearly understood from the outline itself.

Company Profile Of Cheesecake Factory - 1735 Words

I. Industry Introduction The chain restaurant industry comprises both chain and franchised food service restaurants that enable customers to order food and receive services while being seated. A company has to have multiple operational joints and the ability to offer consistency in the food and service provided throughout the branches before it can be considered a chain restaurant. Over the past five years to 2016, the US chain restaurant industry posted a comfortable annualized growth of 4.3%. The industry generated a revenue stream of US$107.6 billion domestically as of last year and accounted for over 780 businesses in the United States. The chain restaurants industry is currently at its maturity stage of the life cycle, and is coming†¦show more content†¦Grand Lux Cafà © is also an upscale casual dining restaurant that serves classic American dishes, with over 150 different varieties in their menu. Currently, there are 12 Grand Lux Cafà © operating in the United States, primarily in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Cheesecake Factory, being the most well-known out of the three brands, is a casual dining setup restaurant that serves over 200 different food menu and an additional 50 more items in its Skinnylicious menu that offers customers food with 590 calories or less. The Cheesecake Factory brand is the only brand in the company that has operations outsi de the United States and currently has over 190 restaurants running worldwide, making it the most successful brand the company is currently running. In total, Cheesecake Factory has over 200 restaurants globally, with more than 200 restaurants operating domestically and up to 12 restaurants operating internationally in Latin America (Mexico and Chile) and Middle East (United Arabs of Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia). The company is planning to expand its market further to other countries, primarily to the Asian market. Out of the restaurants carrying the brand name, 201 are company-owned, while others are franchised or licensed to companies, such as Alshaya that currently runs Cheesecake Factory franchises located in the Middle East. Fortune Magazine ranked Cheesecake Factory ‘The top 100 Best Companies to Work’ for, with 97%Show MoreRelatedBalance Sheet and Income Statement Commentary Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesequity in the company. These statements are often analyzed by financial institutions when a company comes to them needing a loan. Stockholders and other investors also look at these statements to make sure their investment will return a profit for them. This paper will look at four different companies and their balance sheets and income statements. The companies are Eastman Chemical Company, Covenant Transportation Group, The Cheesecake Factory and BBamp;T. In 1994 Eastman Chemical Company was the 10thRead MoreCheescake Factory2029 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated is in the â€Å"Restaurant Industry.† It started in the 1940s in the home of Oscar and Evelyn Overton. The business was so successful that in 1971, they moved the cheesecake business to Los Angeles and named it â€Å"The Cheesecake Factory†. In 1978, their son David founded The Cheesecake Factory restaurant in Beverly Hills and 30 years later you can find their restaurant in towns and cities all over the United States with new businesses opening all the timeRead MoreChipotle Case Study3907 Words   |  16 Pages As Chipotle began to grow and expand, Steve took the initiative to learn about the way most of the food in the US is produced and processed. He was quite disturbed when he discovered that pigs were raised in confinement, produce was grown on factory farms with very little respect for the environment and dairy cows were confined and injected with hormones (Ells). This experience prompted Steve to meet with ranchers and farmers who were dedicated to raising livestock and growing produce naturallyRead MoreThe Hunger Of The World1777 Words   |  8 Pagesexcursion into somalia in 1992-1993 he describes the desolate condition of the populace as a gigantic board of clue, to which the answer was everybody in shack with the AK-47. In this part of the world famine is as common as checking your facebook profile, and just as detrimental to your health. 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In our market research, there are few competitors such as Old Town Cafe, QSR branch, Starbucks and Coffee Beans provide the food and beverage s ervice. The explosion growth in cafe business provides the variety choice for customers to dine out. Therefore, company should be able to provide the food and service based on the domesticRead MoreChipotle External Analysis Essay3420 Words   |  14 Pages(EFE) Matrix 4 APPENDIX – 3 4 Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) 4 APPENDIX – 4 4 APPENDIX – 5 4 Content Topics 4 Bibliography 18 Chipotle Overview Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is a â€Å"fast-food service restaurant† under limited service category. It was formed in 1993 and went public in 2006. It has the largest market share in the Mexican-type food segment with a net income of more than $126M in 2009 (Mergent online, 2010). 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While company turnover had been increased to  £167m (= â‚ ¬250m) providing Thorntons with an 8 percent share of its core market, boxed chocolates, profit after tax had declined to the lowest level for seven years (Exhibit 1). During that time Thorntons had set out to follow a series of strategic initiatives involving the reorientation of the company towards becoming a retail-focused business, increasing the scale of the company’sRead MoreSecret Recipe10299 Words   |  42 Pagesapproaching the nearest Secret Recipe cafà ©. Moreover, the member of Secret Card owners can enjoy the discount privilege that is provided by Secret Recipe. There are four group of consumer, and these are shown in the table below: Segment Demographic Profile Core Essence Products Fun Leisure Kids, teenagers Kids and teenagers are fond of ice-cream, cake and junk food. Kids’ meal, side order such as French fries, Cheese Cakes, Brownies, Orange Juice, Green Apple Juice, Soft Drink, Coffee beverages.

Ap Synthesis Essay Museums - 712 Words

Museums have long served a purpose as cultural staples. For every museum, big and small, careful consideration is used in selecting its contents. When securing new items for a museum, it is most important to consider public appeal, educational value, and cost-effectiveness. What makes a museum different from a billionaire’s private collection is patronage. Thus, a museum must be able to attract visitors interested in its displays. This captivation of interest should be for the purpose of entertainment. No one wants to go to a dull, boring museum and look at dull, boring paintings. One museum that capitalized on human intrigue was that of Charles Wilson Peale. Peale established the first natural history museum in the United States. (AP†¦show more content†¦Quoted by Handler and Gable, critic Ada Louise Huxtable declares the newly constructed reproduction of Colonial Williamsburg as â€Å"too clean,† arguing that it â€Å"does not include the filth and stench th at would have been commonplace.† (Source E) This sanitation of the truth completely misrepresents history, and the educational value greatly suffers. Conversely, the National Museum of the American Indian hopes to avoid this lack of judgment by dedicating itself to the â€Å"preservation, study, and exhibition of the life, languages, literature, history, and Arts of Native Americans.† (Source C) The main goal of the museum is to â€Å"span all major cultural areas† (C) and educate the public about and preserve the rich history of such a vast culture. The authenticity and significance of artifacts are important to representing culture and history, and the ability of these artifacts to educate should be a key factor of the selection process. Although a cultural center for entertainment and education, a museum is, at its core, a business. Being such, it must operate as such. Obtaining and maintaining valuable artifacts is expensive; procurement, transportation, upke ep, and security are some of the many costs involved. The revenue generated by the museum has to be sufficient enough to cover these large expenses. For that reason, the cost-effectiveness of a piece must be considered. A famous piece, such as the Mona Lisa, willShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagescharacteristic of these jobs is substantial interaction with an organization’s customers. And because an organization can’t exist without customers—whether it is American Challenges and Opportunities for OB 19 Express, L. L. Bean, a law firm, a museum, a school, or a government agency— management needs to ensure employees do what it takes to please customers.16 At Patagonia—a retail outfitter for climbers, mountain bikers, skiers and boarders, and other outdoor fanatics—customer service is theRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesstrategic thinking, a strategic planning process is likely to be no more that an exercise in futility. Strategic thinking, then, is a process of creating a better tomorrow for the information services organization, and it requires insight through synthesis as well as analysis, nonlinear as well as linear thinking, visual as well as verbal conceptualizing, implicit as well as explicit thinking, and the need to engages the heart as well as the head.1 Some Definitions Strategic visioning: A proactive

General Electric Case-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Changes undertaken by General Electric (GE) under its New Manager. Answer: Introduction In order to be competitive in the market, a business organisation needs to maintain changes that help in its growth. These changes can come in the form of change in internal as well as external factors. The assignment highlights the changes undertaken by General Electric (GE) under its new manager. General Electric is an American multinational company situated in New York. Thomas Edison is one of the co-founders of the company. The company came into existence in the year 1892. It is famous for manufacturing various types of aircraft engines, electrical distribution and energy, gas and so on (Ge.com. 2017). The assignment analyses contributions made by Immelt in shaping up the strategies of GE. The business environment of the 21st century is analysed along with the resources and capabilities of GE. These two factors were analysed in order to identify the reasons for the change in the organisation. Apart from this, the alternate strategies that GE can formulate are also provided in the assignment. Jeff Immelts contribution in GE According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), the most challenging factor in leadership is taking control of an enterprise that already had a prominent leader. In the case of GE, this was a similar problem that Jeff Immelt had to face. Jack Welch was a prominent leader of GE and had built up the reputation of the company. Accepting the managerial responsibilities of the company proved to be a huge challenge for Immelt. During the initial period of his takeover, Immelt set out to declare that long-term strategic changes will be made in the company. The World Trade Centre bombing in 2001 prompted this action as the transformational strategy is one of the most critical management strategies in the modern world. Such a change can be implemented with the proper support of the individual as well as the organisation (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). Immelt made strategic changes that involved changing the business portfolio. The focus was also on redirecting the performance goals of the organisation to the attainment of revenue for the organisation. The management of the organization should position General Electric in a way so that in the emerging market technological advancements become the major tool for the organization to compete other rival business organizations. This decision was needed in order to comply with the financial loss that New York City had to suffer due to the bombing of the World Trade Centre. The company focused on the innovation of the products in order to gain a competitive advantage. Immelt was of the view that competitive advantage can be gained with the introduction and application of new technologies that can also help GE to expand and grow in the international market. Ivanaj et al. (2015) observed that changes also need to be made in the culture and structure of an organisation. Immelt realised this fact and implemented the necessary changes that were required in the organisational structure of GE. The emergence of new technology and competitors are one of the primary reasons that such a change needs to be brought about in the organisation. In this regard it can be said that General electric has immense growth opportunities focusing on the basic need to turn the corporate R and D centre into an intellectual hort-house; not only that, to speed up the internal diffusion of the latest technologies (Camisn and Villar-Lpez 2014). The management of General Electric can increase the availability of the renewable energy technology that plays a significant role in determining the success of the organization. Thus it can be said that technological sector is the place utilizing that the management of the organization can expect to outplay the rivals from the market. Apart from the technological factors, the management of General Electric can utilize another area of strength; that is the socio-cultural factor influencing the business environment. In this regard, Johnston and Bate (2013) stated that it is worth mentioning that as the management of the organization is promoting the green lifestyle and increasing the adoption of mobile technologies. The board members of the organization are incessantly inclined towards using popular support for the renewable energy use. In this context, it is important that the organizations usage of renewable energy operating segment does benefit from the amplified demands regarding this external factor. Thus it can be said that along with technological factors, socio-cultural aspects of the organization can too be considered as one of the strengths of the company and utilizing these two strengths the management of the organization can experience immense profitability by eradicating the market competition. Despite the change in the managerial responsibilities and the strategic implementation of Immelt, the sales of GE suffered a major setback. In April 2015, the company made a decision that involved the selling of capital shares of the company. The changes that were made by Immelt were completely different from the managerial ideas that were implemented by Welch. It has been that the company failed to meet the target that was initially set for the appointment of Immelt. Goetsch and Davis (2014) stated that achieving the target of the organisation is one of the important factors that every business manager needs to achieve. Immelt had aimed at increasing the return on capital along with the sales of the company. However, instead of increasing it, the new managerial techniques led to the loss of stock as well. The sales of GE saw a considerable fall from the year 2001 to 2014. Hence, Immelt faced challenges that were not expected during the taking over of managerial duties. The new manager also did not pay much attention to the maximisation of the value of the shareholder. The main focus of Immelt was to make transformational changes in the business portfolio of GE. As stated by Godemann et al. (2017) identification of the sources of earning a profit is important for an organisation to achieve success. Immelt wanted to understand the profit of the company and use it in order to help in the progress of the company. After the analysis, it was seen that much of the profit of the company came due to the cost reduction strategy. GE used to discard the assets that were less important to the company. However, Immelt managed to identify four global trends that can help in attaining proper growth for GE. The four global trends as identified by Immelt include demography, infrastructure, emerging market and environment. Waddell et al. (2013) stated that in order to ensure that the products of a company are sold in a proper manner, analysis of the demography is important in order to increase the sales. The managers of the organization should strategize the operations of the business in a way so that the organization can utilize their strengths like technological advancements and the market reputation to make the most of the market and to ensure their profitability. The infrastructure of GE provides the company with an opportunity to invest in areas that do not remain in the comfort zone of the company. Hence, export to other countries that are involved in the trade activities with the U.S.A was identified by Immelt. It has been seen that some of the emerging markets provided the main source of income for the company. Countries like India and Russia have a triple growth rate of GDP than the U.S.A. However, there remains the environmental threat that may cause problems in the growth of the country. As stated by Eden and Ackermann (2013) environment analysis is one of the most factors that need to be considered by the management. Aligning the strategies of GE Requirement in 21st century Organisations need to align the selected strategies in order to monitor the effectiveness of the strategies. The strategies need to address the requirements of the organisation as well as the individuals. The factors that affect changes in organisations are also an important factor for an organisation to consider (Farkas 2016). The changes that take place in the business world are one of the major components that Immelt needed to take into consideration. The strategic decision undertaken by Immelt needed to be compatible with the business market of the 21st century. The focus of Immelt was mainly on three factors that composed the emergence of successful business in the 21st century. These factors include technological advancement, competition in the market and the innovative technique. In the case of GE, these factors are important in order to gain customer satisfaction and increase the reputation of the company. Immelt observed that technology is one of the important factors that can help in the growth of the enterprise. In the case study, it is seen that Immelt focused more on the development of technologies. This is evidenced by the fact that the research and development department of the company saw an increased percentage of budgets. The initial transformation that was brought about began from the updated technology that was first used in Japan. Throughout the branches of the company in the country, Immelt began the construction of research and development centres. In the case study, it is seen that about 37,000 technologies were implemented in the various branches of the company. Immelt stated that the focus of GE was to research for bigger and long-term prospects of the company. Apart from technologies, innovation also played a huge role in the improvement of the company. The fact that the company was involved in providing assistance to the healthcare people proved to be an effective strategic decision to GE. According to Grant (2016), customer satisfaction is another important aspect that needs to be undertaken by a company. This involves customer orientation and providing value to the customers. These factors are important in order to retain the loyalty and trust of the customers. Immelt felt that the increase in customer orientation led to more involvement of the customers. Immelt focused on the idea that in order to increase the revenue of GE, customer satisfaction was of utmost importance. In this regard, the responsibilities of Immelt increased as he needed to focus on hiring marketing executives that can identify the tastes of the customers. The role of marketing executives was delegated to possess a detailed knowledge about the new products and services that the company can offer. Nieves and Haller (2014) observed that selling products together can help in the increase of revenue of a company. In the case study, it is seen that GE focuses on selling bundled products that are essential for providing support to the customers. GE introduced cross-business marketing campaign in order to earn more revenue. This involves selling supporting items to already existing products or infrastructure. Resources and capabilities of GE Camisn and Villar-Lpez (2014) stated that every company need to have potent resources and capability in order to survive in the changing business world. This can be done by identifying the resources and increasing it by the methods necessary for gaining the resources. For example, in the case of increasing the number of employees, it is essential that an organisation recruit talented employees. The capabilities can be improved by encouraging the growth of the employees. In the case of GE, Immelt hoped for improving the abilities of the employees by encouraging growth. It is seen from the case study that the organic growth of the country was attributed to about 8%. This can be considered as an improvement as the growth of the company was a mere 5% under Welch. The revenue of the company also increased due to the rise of the potential of the employees. The increased revenue accelerated the growth rate as more technologies were used to train the employees. In the case study it is seen t hat with the increase in growth and revenue of GE, the company managed to expand in the international market. This is an important attribute for the survival in the competing market of the 21st century. Growth within the organisation as well as outside is an important step for the success of the company (Beardwell and Thompson 2014). Changes due to new strategies Change is an important factor that helps in the application of new strategies in an organisation. It is the duty of the managers to formulate new changes in the organisation and encourage the employees to accept the changes. The changes that Immelt felt as a need in GE involve the structure of the organisation as well as the culture. This was mainly due to the fact that the company was undergoing a transformational phrase that involved new challenges, new managers as well as new policies of the business. Hence, the base of the company needed to change in order to cope up with the changes in the business world. GE underwent changes in the leadership style. During its initial stage in the market, the promotion from a junior post to a senior post mainly came from the internal sources. However, with the changing time, the promotion of the employees seemed totally based on the performance. Johnston and Bate (2013) stated that internal promotion also helps to keep the employees motivated. Targets are provided to the employees and the performance management system is analysed based on the successful fulfilment of the target. Immelt focused on maintaining the target by focusing on the earning and growth of the enterprise. GE has managed to reduce the overhead cost and have managed to improve the productivity of the employees by the application of the target method. The growth rate of GE can be determined by the internal talent that it possesses. Lin and Wu (2014) observed that an organisation is good for its employees. In order to analyse the growth rate of the company, GE managed to shift the strategic priorities towards the growth of the employees. This was evident during the financial crisis in 2008 during which Immelt reduced the long-term loans in order to focus on the increase in revenue of the company. The skill and attributes of the employees are based upon the exposure to the talents in the field of work. Immelt also gathered benchmarking strategies in order to encourage the employees to develop the talents. In the case study, it is seen that Immelt amassed massive changes in the organisational structure. This was mainly done because the organisational structure remained in existence since the time of the inception of the company. The new and modern world warrants an improved organisational structure in order to ensure a smooth running of the business. Under the managerial capabilities of Welch, GE had been divided into various small divisions. However, Immelt managed to unite the divisions in the hope of maintaining the goals of the organisation. Consequently, the business sectors were reduced but the growth rate of the company kept on increasing. The case study provides evidence that during the years 2002, 2005 and 2008, the business sector of GE reduced from 12 to 5. Carlopio (2010) stated that innovation is important in order to maintain product uniqueness. Profitability and cost control policy led to the increase in the innovative nature of the business in GE. However, it is to be kept in mind that innovation in large projects often leads to the cause of risk. The manner in which the likelihood of the business increased due to the innovation process proved that Immelt focused his attention on the improving the innovative department of GE. The case study points out the market strategies were also improved by Immelt in order to transfer the business to the research and development department. The research and development helped in increasing the technologies that were necessary for understanding the business market. Hence, these changes were aligned with the initial declaration that was made by Immelt. The success of GE points out to the fact that meeting the organisational strategy is a united effort of the employees as well as the manager of Im melt. Considering alternative strategies In order to ensure that the strategies of an organisation do not fail, it is necessary that every manager develop alternative strategies that can help in providing back up to the organisation. The alternative strategies also act as secondary strategies that can be used in a short-term length in order to ensure the development of an organisation (Booth 2015). However, the alternative strategies need to be formulated after analysing the factors that may cause risk. The risk factors include the internal as well the external factors that may hinder the progress of an organisation. The alternate strategies prove as a reimbursement factor for the initial mistakes committed by an organisation. The case study highlights the fact that after the initial appointment of Immelt as the manager of GE, the company did not have success as it was expected. This was mainly due to the existence of certain internal as well as external factors that led to the hindrance of growth of the organisation. Some of them included the bombing of the World Trade Centre and the financial crisis of 2008. In order to ensure that the collaboration is maintained between the employees and the managers, an alternative source can be the use of metrics based measurement of performance management. The benchmarking strategy is a prime example of the manner in which most companies in the United States achieve the desired results (Rothaermel 2015). The case study highlights the fact that since its inception in Immelt, GE has mostly seen the downfall of the revenue and financial considerations of the company. Hence, Immelts role as a manager is vague due to the less contribution made for the company. In order to understand the performance of the companies in different sectors of the country, it is necessary to identify the products and services of the company. The analysis shows that the profit in different sectors varies due to the products and services sold by the companies (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). As such, there has been a fall in the profits for most companies. An example can be cited that highlights the decrease in profit in sectors that supply natural resources. The case study states the fact that supply of natural resources like power and water has seen a decrease in profit from $5.80 billion to $5.35 billion in the space of four years. Hence, it is the duty of the marketing department to ensure that the marketing department makes considerable research before investing in the market. A proper marketing management is necessary in order to maintain the profits of the company. GE needs to ensure that proper sectors are undertaken for investment. The fact that the company invests in the healthcare sectors is an important profit-making strategy of the company. Immelt also ensured that investments that were not required by the company were reduced. This included the less use of plastics that was not compatible with the company. The biggest opportunity to GE is the fact that the US Financial Regulation identifies the company as a changing financial sector of the country. GE also considers targeting internationalisation of business. The view of Immelt is the fact that global presence can help in increasing the cost-effectiveness of the company. In this regard, certain decisions taken by Immelt can lead to the downfall of the company. Investing in a poor country like Nigeria may decrease the chances of profit-making for the company. Hence, understanding the alternate strategies can help in decreasing the loss of the company. Conclusion Hence, after the analysis of the case study, it can be said that the challenges faced by Immelt after acquiring the managerial duties of the country were severe. The fact that Immelt managed to maintain the reputation of the company despite its fall in profit in the initial years explains the managerial prowess of the individual. The changes incorporated have resulted in difficult times for the employees. However, a further analysis states that GE has not grown to the full potential under the managerial capabilities of Immelt. Bibliography Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Barrick, M.R., Thurgood, G.R., Smith, T.A. and Courtright, S.H., 2015. Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(1), pp.111-135. Beardwell, J. and Thompson, A., 2014.Human resource management: a contemporary approach. Pearson Education. Booth, S.A., 2015.Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. Routledge. Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of business research,67(1), pp.2891-2902. Carlopio, J., 2010.Strategy by design: A process of strategy innovation. Springer. Chevalier-Roignant, B. and Trigeorgis, L., 2011.Competitive strategy: Options and games. MIT Press. Daspit, J.J., Chrisman, J.J., Sharma, P., Pearson, A.W. and Long, R.G., 2017. A Strategic Management Perspective of the Family Firm: Past Trends, New Insights, and Future Directions.Journal of Managerial Issues,29(1), pp.6-29. Di Stefano, G., Peteraf, M. and Verona, G., 2014. The organizational drivetrain: A road to integration of dynamic capabilities research.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(4), pp.307-327. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Farkas, F., 2016. Hard and Soft Approaches of Strategic Organisational Change Management.Strategic management,21(2), pp.13-22. Ge.com. (2017).GE | The Digital Industrial Company | Imagination at Work. [online] Available at: https://www.ge.com/ [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017]. Godemann, J., Bebbington, J., Herzig, C. and Moon, J., 2014. Higher education and sustainable development: Exploring possibilities for organisational change.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(2), pp.218-233. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Grant, A.M., 2014. The efficacy of executive coaching in times of organisational change.Journal of Change Management,14(2), pp.258-280. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Ivanaj, S., Ivanaj, V., McIntyre, J., Da Costa, N.G. and Lozano, R., 2015. Multinational Enterprises' strategic dynamics and climate change: drivers, barriers and impacts of necessary organisational change.Journal of Cleaner Production,30, p.1e4. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and Regnr, P., 2013.Exploring strategy text cases(Vol. 10). Pearson.. Johnston, R.E. and Bate, J.D., 2013.The power of strategy innovation: a new way of linking creativity and strategic planning to discover great business opportunities. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Lin, Y. and Wu, L.Y., 2014. Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.Journal of business research,67(3), pp.407-413. Maritan, C.A. and Lee, G.K., 2017. Bringing a resource and capability lens to resource allocation.Journal of Management,43(8), pp.2609-2619. Nieves, J. and Haller, S., 2014. Building dynamic capabilities through knowledge resources.Tourism Management,40, pp.224-232. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Porter, N., 2017.Mastering the rules of competitive strategy: A resource guide for managers. CRC Press. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Twomey, D., 2012.Labor and Employment Law: Text Cases. Cengage Learning. Waddell, D., Creed, A., Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C., 2013.Organisational change: Development and transformation. Cengage Learning. Weatherall, A., 2013.Computer Integrated Manufacturing: a total company competitive strategy. Elsevier. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic man

Marbury V. Madison Trial Essays - , Term Papers

Marbury V. Madison Trial Marbury v. Madison The issue before the Supreme Court was the question of the court's own constitutional authority, and to decide whether or not to issue the writ and if this would make the court seem weak. The facts of the case that were presented in the court was that this particular case was, in fact, being thrown before the Supreme court, and there was an argument as to whether or no the court real had the jurisdiction to decide this case at all. The result of this case was that the Supreme Court decided to entitle Marbury his court order. It was the first time the Court openly declared an act of Congress unconstitutional. The Court ruled that Congress exceeded its power in the Judiciary Act of 1789 and it established its power to review acts of Congress and declare invalid those it found in conflict with the Constitution. I actually think that the framers of the constitution would have consented to the idea of the Court to have this power of Judicial Review, because it works out quite well for the system of checks and balances because without it Congress would almost have too much power and I am sure the framers wouldn't have accepted that. If the decision had not have validated the idea that the Supreme court had the power of Judicial Review, then Americans would have been a little concerned about the competency of the Court and would have thought that it was acting outside it's jurisdiction. Justice Marshall stated that the power to decide this case did not come from the constitution, but from an act of Congress. The Supreme Court further more had original powers that extended beyond the constitution, so, in this case, it had the right to pass judgment. The point of this was in case the Court had to decide, without Congress, if certain cases had to be decided in Court and not in Congress to allow the Supreme Court to go above Congress's head to make an Important decision, and see for itself if the decision of Congress was deemed unconstitutional and if it should be decided in court. Economics Essays

Learn 10 Facts About Sochi Russia

Learn 10 Facts About Sochi Russia Sochi is a resort city located in the Russian Federal Subject of Krasnodar Krai. It is north of Russias border with Georgia along the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains. Greater Sochi stretches 90 miles (145 km) along the sea and is considered one of the longest cities in Europe. The City of Sochi covers a total area of 1,352 square miles (3,502 sq km). Geographic Facts About Sochi The following is a list of the ten most important geographic facts to know about Sochi, Russia: 1) Sochi has a long history that dates back to Ancient Greek and Roman times when the area was inhabited by the Zygii people. From the 6th to the 11th centuries though, Sochi belonged to Georgias kingdoms of Egrisi and Abkhazia. 2) After the 15th century, the region making up Sochi was known as Ubykhia and was controlled by local mountaineer clans. In 1829,  however, the coastline region was ceded to Russia after the Caucasian and Russo-Turkish Wars. 3) In 1838, Russia founded the Fort of Alexandria (which was renamed Navaginsky) at the mouth of the Sochi River. In 1864, the final battle of the Caucasian War took place and on March 25 a new fort Dakhovsky was established where Navaginsky had been. 4) Throughout the early 1900s, Sochi grew as a popular Russian resort city and in 1914, it was granted municipal rights. Sochis popularity grew further during Joseph Stalins control of Russia as Sochi as he had a vacation home, or dacha, built in the city. Since its founding, Sochi has also been the served as the location where various treaties have been signed. 5) As of 2002, Sochi had a population of 334,282 people and a population density of 200 people per square mile (95 per sq km). 6) Sochis topography is varied. The city itself lies along the Black Sea and is at a lower elevation than surrounding areas. However, it is not flat and has clear views of the Caucasus Mountains. 7) The climate of Sochi is considered humid subtropical at its lower elevations and its winter low temperatures rarely dip below freezing for long periods. The average January temperature in Sochi is 43 °F (6 °C). Sochis summers are warm and temperatures range from 77 °F to 82 °F (25 °C-28 °C). Sochis receives about 59 inches (1,500 mm) of precipitation yearly. 8) Sochi is known for its various vegetation types (many of which are palms), parks, monuments and extravagant architecture. Around two million people travel to Greater Sochi during the summer months. 9) In addition to its status as a resort city, Sochi is known for its sports facilities. For example, tennis schools in the city have trained such athletes as Maria Sharapova and Yevgeny Kafelnikov. 10) Due to its popularity among tourists, historic characteristics, sports venues and proximity to the Caucasus Mountains, the International Olympic Committee selected Sochi as the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics on July 4, 2007. Sources: Wikipedia. Sochi. Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi

Interact between acient Mesopotamia and theis enviroment Essay

Interact between acient Mesopotamia and theis enviroment - Essay Example The people believed in a repulsion between animals and humans. This is the reason why the trapper used a woman to seduce Enkidu so that when the animals noticed that Enkidu laid with a woman, they left him. Natural diet including both vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet was considered as the source of strength in the Mesopotamian civilization. â€Å"Enkidu ate grass in the hills with the gazelle and lurked with wild beasts at the water-holes† (26). Eating natural grass was considered as the source of strength as Enkidu was believed to have gained his strength from eating the wild grass of the hills with the gazelle. As Ninsun says to Gilgamesh, â€Å"He is the strongest of wild creatures, the stuff of Anu; born in the grass-lands and the wild hills reared him† (28). Likewise, when Enkidu entered Uruk, the people spoke of connections between his strength and the natural diet he consumed; â€Å"This is the one who was reared on the milk of wild beasts. His is the greatest strength† (29). The people of Uruk had a strong belief in the physical strength of animals in general and the bulls in particular which is why Gilgamesh’s strength is compared to that of a wild bull. Similarly, when Enkidu encounters Gilgamesh at the gate of the home where Gilgamesh is about to make love to the bride, the strength of both Gilgamesh and Enkidu is compared to the strength of bulls in these words, â€Å"†¦so they grappled, holding each other like bulls. They broke the doorposts and the walls shook, they snorted like bulls locked together† (29). When Gilgamesh throws Enkidu during the fight, Enkidu attributes the strength of Gilgamesh to the strength of his mother, â€Å"There is not another like you in the world. Ninsun, who is as strong as a wild ox in the byre, she was the mother who bore you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (29). Concluding, the Mesopotamian civilization considered natural diet including grass and the milk of animals as the source of strength. Natural diet was probably

EDLE 636 - Discussion Posts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EDLE 636 - Discussion Posts - Essay Example The school’s principal aim is to aid its pupils in getting assimilated within the present culture rather than fearing the world. The catholic school essential nature is that it is amongst the great opportunities of the church’s salvilic mission. Catholic education pays reverence to individuals’ transcendence, enlightening them on the manner in which to live within this world while fixing their eyes on the God’s vision. It is also essential to acknowledge that the catholic education has a counter-cultural position and it is largely multi-leveled in nature (Gilchrist, 1994). On one side, the catholic school can be considered as a ‘civic institution’ whose targets, procedures and characteristics are similar to any other school. On the other side, the said school can be considered as a ‘Christian community’ which possesses educational goals which are founded on Christ along with his gospel. In regard to the previously mentioned sedime nts, Gilchrist’s article can be said to have given the true picture of the catholic education. Gilchrist’s article has sampled various studies carried out by different researchers regarding the Australian catholic schools’ ‘catholic’ character. ... Evidence-based leadership role is viewed as vital in the promotion of data utility (Pettit, 2012). However, there is the general perception that evidence-based leadership is absent within the analysis and utilization of results within the school level. This kind of leadership comprises of components such as the recognition of the data leader’s role along with providing operational elements which facilitate efficient, as well as, effective analysis along with utilization of the given information. These may entail of proper school structures along with satisfactory time to carry out such analysis. Moreover, it comprises of the whole-school plans formulation in order to make thorough utilization of the information. In accordance to the featured LTLL model within the Bezzina’s article, the shared moral purposes versus shared leadership relationship is dynamically interplaying (Bezzina, Burford & Duignan, 2007). The model makes an illustration of the manner in which the shar ing of moral purpose along with leadership closely intertwines within the trusting relationships network. In the absence of that, it seems uncertain that instructors would possess the confidence in engaging in picking up of the educational leadership mantle within a mutual fashion that promotes shared moral purpose deepening. Pettit articulates that the ‘moral potency’ along with context role in shifting to moral action from the moral purpose is to function as a filter sandwiched amid the moral action and moral purpose; amid the leader’s readiness and perceived capacity to act, as well as, the enacted observed behavior (Pettit, 2012). Importantly, in accordance to Pettit’s analysis, the context within which student achievement data is viewed has the

The reforms made during the reign of terror helped france. Essay Example for Free

The reforms made during the reign of terror helped france. Essay Maximilien Franpis Marie Isidore Robespierre (PA: [ma. ksi. mi. lJE fBd. swa ma. Bi i. zi. d0B da BO. bES. pJEB]; 6 May 1758 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Estates-General, the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club Oacobin leader during the Reign of Terror), he advocated against the death penalty and for the abolition of slavery, while supporting equality of rights, universal suffrage and the establishment of a republic. He opposed war with Austria and the possibility of a coup by the Marquis de Lafayette. As a member of the Committee of Public Safety, he was an important fgure during the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror, which ended a few months after his arrest and execution in July 1794. Influenced by 18th-century Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau and Montesquieu, he was a capable articulator of the beliefs of the left- wing bourgeoisie. His supporters called him The Incorruptible, while his adversaries called him dictateur sanguinaire (bloodthirsty dictator). His reputation has gone through cycles. It peaked in the 1920s when the influential French historian Albert Mathiez rejected the common view of Robespierre as demagogic, dictatorial, and fanatical. Mathiez argued he was an eloquent spokesman for the poor and oppressed, an enemy of royalist intrigues, a vigilant adversary of dishonest and corrupt politicians, a guardian of the French Republic, an intrepid leader of the French Revolutionary government, and a prophet of a socially responsible state. l] In recent decades his reputation has suffered from his association with radical purification of politics by the killing of his Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Early politics 3 Jacobin Club 4 Opposition to war with Austria

Classical COnditioning Essay -- essays research papers fc

Ivan Pavlov and Classical Conditioning 1904 Nobel Prize Winner, Ivan Pavlov was born in Ryazan, Russia on September 14, 1849. Pavlov is best known for his intricate workings with the drooling dog experiment that lead to his further research in conditioning. This experiment, which began in 1889, had an influence on the development of physiologically oriented behaviorist theories of psychology in the early years of the nineteenth century. His work on the physiology of the digestive glands won him the 1904 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. CONTRIBUTIONS Pavlov's first independent work focused on the physiology of the circulation of the blood (Girogian, 1974). He studied the influence of variations in blood volume on blood pressure. He also investigated the nervous control of the heart, and argued that four types of nerves control rhythm and strength of cardiac contractions. It was during this first independent study that Pavlov used unanesthetized, neurologically intact dogs (Girogian, 1974). This method became the mainstay of Pavlov’s methodology. Pavlov’s second independent work centered primarily around digestion. He started studying digestion as early as 1879, and it was his major focus from 1890 to 1897 (Girogian, 1974). His work was an accumulation of observations on the nervous control of one organ system through the method of chronic experiment (Girogian, 1974). The study of digestion involved developing "fistulas" through which secretions from salivary glands, stomach, the pancreas, and small intestine could be collected (Girogian, 1974). His technique was truly unique in that he did not cut the nerve supply nor contaminate the secretions with food. The most famous and well-known experiment of Pavlov is that he 'conditioned' dogs to start a salivary response to the sound of a bell. He began by measuring the amount of salivation in response to only food. As the experiments continued, he rang a bell as he presented the food (Girogian, 1974). Again, he noted a salivary response. Finally, by only ringing the bell, Pavlov observed the same response as having presented food to the dogs . . . salivation (Girogian, 1974). These experiments defined what has been a "conditioned response". CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Classical Conditioning is the type of learning made famous by Pavlov's experiments ... ... a Nobel Laureate for his research in a different field (Fredholm, 1999). In 1904, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his pioneering studies of how the digestive system works. Until Pavlov started to scrutinize this field, our knowledge of how food was digested in the stomach, and what mechanisms were responsible for regulating this, were quite foggy. In order to understand the process, Pavlov developed a new way of monitoring what was happening. He surgically made fistulas in animals' stomachs, which enabled him to study the organs and take samples of body fluids from them while they continued to function normally (Fredholm, 1999). WORKS CITED "Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2001 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. Mischel W. (1993). Behavioral conceptions. In W. Mischel, Introduction to Personality, 295-316. New York: Harcourt Brace. Girogian, NA: Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich. In The Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Charles Schribner’s Sons, New York, Vol 10, pp. 431-6, 1974. Fredholm, Lotta. Ivan Pavlov. Science Journal. May 15, 1999.

Failures That May Occur in a Distributed Systems Essay

A distribution systems is a collection of processors that have a common goal for their system. Some examples would be SOA-based systems, massively multiplayer online games and peer-to-peer applications. The distributed system is software systems in which components located on network computers. This systems communicate and coordinate through passing messages. This systems interact with each other to accomplish a common goal. This processor will contain their own local memory. Undeliverable Messages Failures This is where a message is undeliverable due to either the recipient is down when a message arrives or the sender and recipient are in different components of a network partition Communication Failures Will stop processes at other sites to stop communicating Site Failures When a site experiences a system failure, processing stops abruptly and the contents of volatile storage are destroyed (Microsoft Research, 2012). Network Partition Failure This is a network fragments into two or more disjointed sub-networks within which messages can be sent, but between which messages are lost. Centralized systems are completely opposite of a distributed system, where a distributed system is a collection of processors which contains their own memories and communicate together through various lines. A centralizes system allows certain functions to be concentrated in the systems hub, plus it can be easily accessed from all points (Wikipedia, 2012). After a failure has occurred certain actions must be taken, depending on what the failure is will help to determine what actions need to be taken. Site and communications failures manifest themselves as the inability of one site to exchange message with another site. When you have a failure one the first  steps is to have a handshake procedure. Handshake is where two sites communicate between each other to set parameters so normal communications over the channels can begin. After the failure has been isolated than we would start to fix the failure. When the systems has a failure than it must initiate the procedure which will allow the system to reconfigure. This will allow its primary function to fail and reset to a simpler function, mitigating any unacceptable failure consequence. It will control the system without forcing sacrifice desired, but uninsurable, capabilities. After the system reconfigured it will go through the recovery phase and be integrated back in to the system. Network partition is where all paths between two sites contain a failed or broken link. The network partition will divide the operational sites into two or more component, where ever two sites within the component can communicate but cannot communicate with the components in other sites. When the links are repaired, communications is reestablished between the sites where messages could not exchanges messages thereby merging components. Some was to reduce the probability of a network partition is to design a highly connected network, where the failure of few sites and links will not disrupt all the paths between any pair of sites, This requires the use of more components and cost more money. Sometimes the networks topology is could be constrained by other factors, like geography and communication medium. We are limited in the way we can avoid partitions networks. There are a lot of advantages of having a distributed system. Like being able to connected remote users, have higher speed and for the most part it is reliable the system need to know how to handle the errors and failures correctly so it can fix them quickly and easily. References Microsoft. (2014). Distrbuted Recovery Chapter 7. Retrieved from http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/philbe/chapter7.pdf Wikipedia. (2014). Centralized Systems. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralized_system

Puppetry in Pakistan - 2794 Words

Puppetry in Pakistan Theatre and Performing Arts In order to understand and appreciate culture, beauty and art one has to study theatre and performing arts. It develops ones personality and teaches you how to critically analyze things. One of the oldest and most important art forms depicting a countries culture is its theatre. The word theatre is derived from the Greek word theatron which means, Place of seeing. As a performing art it focuses entirely on live performers creating a self contained drama. There are a number of philosophies, artistic processes, and theatrical approaches while creating plays and dramas. Some are based on political or spiritual ideologies while others are based on purely artistic concerns. Some focus on a†¦show more content†¦They were human’s first means of communication and have been part of ceremonies, rituals and carnivals. According to a puppeteer David Logan, Puppetry is a highly effective and dynamically creative means of exploring the richness of interpersonal communication. By it s very nature, puppetry concentrates on the puppet rather than the puppeteer. This provides a safety zone for the puppeteer and allows for exploration of unlimited themes through a safe and non-threatening environment for communication. He further says, Designing a puppet involves the same processes that a performer uses in building a character. A puppet must always have a valid reason for being. The marvelous thrill of puppetry is that puppets by their very nature do things that are not humanly possible. This allows for the imagination to explore countless different possibilities. The Earliest Forms of Puppets The earliest kinds of puppets were in the form of tribal ritual masks with hinged jaws or jointed skulls used in religious ceremonies. Puppets later evolved from these masks into doll like figures with moving limbs. There are five distinct forms of puppets. Each has its own individual characteristics, and certain kinds of dramatic material. Certain types have developed only under specific cultural or geographic conditions. They are classified as hand or glove puppets, rod puppets, Marionette or string puppets, flatShow MoreRelatedComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pages2013 Comparative study of Pakistan and Chinese Cultures Muhammad Rashid (ID:2012420078) This report has compared the two cultures namely the Chinese and Pakistani culture by considering different parameters. The material and non-material aspects of culture are expressed and comparative study of two cultures is performed. Both the cultures have strong roots with the shades of thousands of years of civilizations. The ideology, ethics and living styles are compared with some examples and details. TheRead MoreCountry Note Book of China17054 Words   |  69 Pageseastern border at the conjunction of the Heilongjiang (Amur) River and the Wusuli (Ussuri) River, spanning about 50 degrees of latitude and 62 degrees of longitude. China is bordered by 14 countries -- Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Mongolia, and Russia. Marine-side neighbors include eight countries -- North Korea, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. B. Climate writing